{"id":6278,"date":"2018-01-07T13:40:29","date_gmt":"2018-01-07T13:40:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/?p=6278"},"modified":"2026-04-18T19:34:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-18T19:34:32","slug":"failing-boys-school-failing-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/2018\/01\/failing-boys-school-failing-society\/","title":{"rendered":"Failing boys at school, failing society"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>The education system is failing white working class boys. It\u2019s not news and it\u2019s not peculiar to the UK \u2013 different studies across the wider world have been saying it in academic language for some time. But Angela Rayner, the shadow education secretary, made headlines with her clearly expressed views this week.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Perhaps not surprisingly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2018\/01\/03\/white-working-class-boys-left-behind-negative-impact-focus-ethnic\/\">The Telegraph<\/a> chose to emphasise the negative, leading with what could be interpreted as a jibe at misguided liberal policies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>White working class boys are being left behind because of the &#8216;negative impact&#8217; of a focus on ethnic minorities and women, a member of Jeremy Corbyn\u2019s shadow cabinet has said.&nbsp;<strong>The Telegraph<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>What she actually said is set in the context of an extraordinary interview with <a href=\"httpss:\/\/www.spectator.co.uk\/2018\/01\/why-isnt-angela-rayner-a-tory\/\">The Spectator\u2019s Fraser Nelson<\/a>. The shadow education secretary, who left school, pregnant, at 16, is driven by a personal mission to tackle a dysfunctional system which perpetuates inequality. \u201cFor Rayner,\u201d writes Nelson, \u201cthis is the point about welfare: failure to support people leads to greater economic and social cost later. She\u2019s almost evangelical while talking about it, presenting her life story as proof.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So the comment about white working class boys has to be understood in the context of a wider social inequity and political failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8216;They have not been able to adapt,\u2019 says Rayner of white working class boys. \u2018Culturally, we are not telling them that they need to learn and they need to aspire. They are under the impression that they don\u2019t need to push themselves, in the way that disadvantaged groups had to before.\u2019 <strong>The Spectator<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>That rings a bell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is it all girls and all boys?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once again it\u2019s well worth digging through the archives of the David Hume Institute for evidence. And we don\u2019t have to dig very far. Here\u2019s the Irish academic, Professor Emer Smyth of the Economic &amp; Social Research Institute, Dublin, talking to a room full of (if they\u2019ll excuse me saying so) middle class achievers in Edinburgh last year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"httpss:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/p-CHH0jftmI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The talk, <a href=\"httpss:\/\/www.davidhumeinstitute.com\/past\/2017\/4\/28\/emer-smyth-gender-and-education-why-do-girls-do-better-than-boys\">Gender and education: why do girls do better than boys?<\/a> at the Royal Society of Edinburgh in April 2017, also presented extra evidence on Scotland gathered by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ces.ed.ac.uk\/why-boys-do-less-well-in-education-than-girls-and-what-can-be-done-about-it\/\">Linda Croxford and Cathy Howieson<\/a>. And although Emer Smyth\u2019s main focus was on the apparently increasing gender gap she also provides some fascinating and troubling insight into the persistent underachievement of working class boys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s an enlightening talk and worth listening to in full. Nothing in education is simple. Beware easy conclusions and stereotypes. Laddishness is a popular explanation for boys (of any social class) lagging behind girls in school but it\u2019s far from the whole answer. Beware single solutions (there\u2019s no evidence that boys respond better to comics than novels). Above all, beware sweeping generalisations about gender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIs it all girls and all boys?\u201d asks Emer Smyth. \u201cResearch shows that it\u2019s really certain groups of boys that fare badly rather than all boys.\u201d&nbsp;With the decline in industrial jobs, working class boys in particular don\u2019t see themselves as having an identifiable future in the local community. They have less reason to invest in education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, says the academic, \u201cIt\u2019s misdirected to be putting all the attention on \u2018failing boys\u2019 because the scale of gender difference is much less than in terms of class or ethnicity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Boys bad, girls good?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The evidence for that is shown in a series of slides; some intriguing, some startlingly stark. There\u2019s graphic evidence of girls surging ahead of boys in reading from an early age. And note how working class girls are doing better than middle class boys! There\u2019s the growing reminder that working class boys (colour not specified) are being left far behind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emer Smyth also warns of the tendency to see \u2018boys bad, girls good\u2019. Picking on boys for acting out in the classroom is likely to be counterproductive, especially for disadvantaged boys.&nbsp; But it\u2019s not all about what happens in the classroom. Perhaps one of the most startling slides is the one that shows the impact of after-school activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Pay more policy attention to the provision of out of school learning especially for more disadvantaged groups of boys \u2013 a) to find an activity that will involve them but b) to overcome the economic barrier that excludes many of them. <strong>Emer Smyth<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Outside school, girls are far more likely than boys to engage in reading for pleasure. They are also more likely to take part in music, dance and drama. Middle class parents are far more likely than working class parents to have the time and money to ensure that they do. But the studies show that working class girls also take part in creative activities outside the classroom with a positive pay-off both at school and in their personal development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fayyoung.org\/failing-boys-at-school-failing-society\/emer-smyth2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3298\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fayyoung.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Emer-Smyth2.png\" alt=\"A slide showing massive gap between girls and boys in cultural activities outside school. \" class=\"wp-image-3298\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This Irish study asked questions drawn from Growing Up In Scotland<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Policy and practice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>No single, simple solutions then. It\u2019s the quality of teaching and the school climate that provides the best chances for both girls and boys. But it\u2019s also how each school relates to the world around it. Emer Smyth\u2019s presentation ends with a brief but powerful section on policy and practice which could provide essential ammunition for Angela Rayner south of the border \u2013 and for John Swinney in Scotland too. Social equity \u2013 not gender \u2013 should be the guiding principle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Given that the poorest outcomes are for working class boys we have to see gender and social equity as inter-related. Any policy to help the disadvantaged must acknowledge that is often the most disadvantaged boys: <strong>Emer Smyth<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>[See and hear also <a href=\"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/2017\/12\/social-mobility-poverty-scotland\/\">Social Mobility and Poverty in Scotland<\/a> an extract of the newly topical presentation on Elite Scotland by Alan Milburn who recently resigned from the Commission on Social Mobility and Child Poverty. In his 2015 talk for the David Hume Institute he also comments on the urgent need to invest in teachers, schools and extra curricular activities for the benefit of the most disadvantaged students in Scotland.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fayyoung.org\/failing-boys-at-school-failing-society\/emer-smyth1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-3297\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fayyoung.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Emer-Smyth1.png\" alt=\"Graph showing working class boys lag far behind middle and working class girls \u2013 and middle class boys catching up with girls by school leaving age.\" class=\"wp-image-3297\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Note how middle class boys &#8216;catch up&#8217; by the time they leave school. Working class boys are far behind working class girls.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Featured image by <a href=\"httpss:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/tim_ellis\/34807385765\/in\/photolist-V2NX7M-dRsLkh-jYrpBx-e1zwG5-cuDLrE-nZbaFZ-cuDM3C-gSpzw6-cuDPD7-7Pmi62-qHZdpD-cfVGDL-foe94i-8E715f-bq1HsB-rgQUgD-sGwK7L-aAd6GA-b4KD9R-8Pomnt-ajL7PP-nZ4pvy-bVzwh1-a4UESo-7RBJx3-bR6w7-cb5N25-edU57L-9LxZTP-bq1Dug-ij895V-bq1LKX-bq1FvB-bq1WFB-edNowe-9Gg9QR-eieSQX-h9ZoGP-gSp6Z3-qXMoW4-cuDN8w-8w3ARY-9tzT4M-fmjTw1-8yg3yh-cuDMtW-hvNkSV-9C7ADt-5Gob14-jNTQWt\">Tim Ellis<\/a>, Benson Community School CC By-NC 2.0&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nothing in education is simple. Professor Emer Smyth throws light on the complex interplay between gender and class at school and urges special investment in support for working class boys. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[706],"tags":[177,37,198],"class_list":["post-6278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-society","tag-inequality","tag-scottish-education","tag-social-injustice"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6278"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18871,"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6278\/revisions\/18871"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sceptical.scot\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}